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Validating social reinforcer classes for low‐severity challenging behavior identified by sensitivity tests
Ano: 2025
Abstract Behavior analysts typically assess and treat challenging behavior after it occurs regularly and at high severity. Although effective, this reactive approach is quite costly and resource intensive. A growing literature supports an alternative preventive approach; the first step involves conducting sensitivity tests to screen the topographies and functions of low‐severity behavior evoked by establishing operations commonly included in challenging behavior research (e.g., Fahmie et al., 2020). Despite the potential value of sensitivity tests, their correspondence with functional analyses has yet to be established. This study measured the correspondence between social reinforcer classes nominated by sensitivity tests and social reinforcer classes verified by traditional functional analysis outcomes of the same behaviors. Participants included 10 young autistic learners who were reported to exhibit low‐severity challenging behavior. Data showed generally high correspondence between both assessment outcomes for challenging behavior but not for appropriate requests.
Variable‐time schedules protect against effects of fidelity errors during noncontingent reinforcement
Ano: 2025
Abstract Noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) consists of response‐independent reinforcer delivery according to a time‐based schedule. Common application of NCR also includes withholding reinforcers following target behavior (i.e., extinction). Prior research suggests that inconsistent implementation (i.e., implementation with fidelity errors) of NCR programmed with fixed‐time (FT) schedules results in degraded therapeutic outcomes. We conducted a human‐operant evaluation to assess whether there were differences in responding (e.g., computer clicks) during reduced‐fidelity NCR between FT and variable‐time (VT) schedules. We randomly assigned participants to experience analogues of NCR with FT or VT schedules. Each participant experienced baseline, full‐fidelity, and reduced‐fidelity NCR in an ABAC design; FT or VT schedules varied depending on group assignment. Full‐fidelity NCR was similarly efficacious at suppressing target behavior across the FT and VT groups, but VT schedules suppressed target behavior significantly better ( p = .01) during reduced‐fidelity NCR than FT schedules. Implications for researchers and practitioners are discussed.
shinybeez : A Shiny app for behavioral economic easy demand and discounting
Ano: 2025
Abstract This article introduces shinybeez , a free and open‐source web application designed to streamline behavioral economic analyses of demand and discounting data. Although quantitative modeling of behavioral economic phenomena has increased in popularity and led to translational successes in clinical practice and policy, complex analyses have remained a barrier for many researchers and practitioners. The shinybeez application addresses this gap by providing an intuitive interface for conducting descriptive and inferential analyses without requiring programming expertise. The app integrates features previously scattered across multiple tools, allowing users to upload data, calculate empirical measures, identify systematic data sets, fit nonlinear models, and visualize results—all within a single platform. The shinybeez application supports various types of analysis for demand and discounting data, including indifference point data and the 27‐Item Monetary Choice Questionnaire. Built on R Shiny and leveraging existing R packages, the app ensures reproducibility and consistency with underlying analytical methods while remaining flexible for future enhancements. The advantages of shinybeez include its accessibility through web browsers or local installation, ability to handle large data sets, and customizable data visualization options. By consolidating behavioral economic tools into a user‐friendly interface, shinybeez is intended to broaden the reach of these analytical techniques and facilitate their application in addressing societal issues.
2023 Guest Reviewer List
Ano: 2024
A blocking and distance management staff training intervention for torso‐ and head‐directed aggression
Ano: 2024
Abstract Although decades of behavior‐analytic studies have focused on decreasing the aggressive behavior of clients, relatively little research has been conducted on preventing injuries for the staff members who implement treatment plans. In this study, three direct‐care staff members working with clients presenting with aggressive behavior were taught targeted blocking and distance management techniques designed to keep the clients safe while preventing injuries to the participants. Findings indicated that all staff members acquired the target skills in simulations, after which the skills for two participants generalized to the natural work environment.
A broken thread: A review of Pavlov's Legacy: How and What Animals Learn . By Robert A. Boakes
Ano: 2024
A comparative effectiveness trial of functional behavioral assessment methods
Ano: 2024
Abstract Clinicians report primarily using functional behavioral assessment (FBA) methods that do not include functional analyses. However, studies examining the correspondence between functional analyses and other types of FBAs have produced inconsistent results. In addition, although functional analyses are considered the gold standard, their contribution toward successful treatment compared with other FBA methods remains unclear. This comparative effectiveness study, conducted with 57 young children with autism spectrum disorder, evaluated the results of FBAs that did ( n = 26) and did not ( n = 31) include a functional analysis. Results of FBAs with and without functional analyses showed modest correspondence. All participants who completed functional communication training achieved successful outcomes regardless of the type of FBA conducted.
A comparison of individual and group equivalence‐based instruction delivered via Canvas
Ano: 2024
Abstract Equivalence‐based instruction (EBI) is an efficient method that has been used to teach various skills, including content in college courses. This study extended the literature on EBI in higher education by teaching 13 graduate students to identify features of functional analysis conditions and variations. Equivalence‐based instruction methods were implemented using Canvas, an online learning management system. Participants completed pretests, experienced EBI individually and in small groups, and completed a posttest, all using the quiz feature in Canvas. The EBI modules increased students' posttest scores relative to pretest scores by 36%, on average, and there was a slight increase in correct responding in the group relative to the individual teaching condition. Furthermore, responses to social‐validity surveys indicated that EBI was acceptable to most students; however, students' preferences for group and individual EBI varied.
A comparison of parental attention and preferred items during tummy time: A consecutive controlled case series evaluation
Ano: 2024
Abstract Tummy time is an activity for infants to practice their early motor skills. Although most pediatricians recommend tummy time, parents may avoid the procedures due to indices of infant discomfort during this period. This consecutive controlled case series evaluation compared the effects of preferred items selected from a preference assessment with those of parental attention on head evaluation and negative vocalizations during tummy time. In addition, we directly evaluated parental choice by inviting parents to select which tummy time treatment they wanted to implement. We found that both preferred items and parental attention effectively increased head elevation and decreased negative vocalizations during tummy time; however, parents tended to prefer the treatment that included the preferred item.