Buscador de artigos científicos
Pesquise registros catalogados.
As equivalências entre idiomas na busca são geradas automaticamente e podem conter erros. Para resultados mais precisos, pesquise também o termo diretamente no idioma desejado.
Assessing negative reinforcement through simultaneous observing and committed concurrent progressive‐ratio procedures: Preliminary investigations
Ano: 2024
Abstract Efficient methods for assessing the relative aversiveness of stimuli are sparse and underresearched. Having access to efficient procedures that can identify aversive stimuli would benefit researchers and practitioners alike. Across three experiments, 13 participants helped to pilot, refine, and test two approaches to identifying negative reinforcers. The first experiment presented two conditions, one in which computerized button pressing started or stopped one of two recorded infant cries (or silence, when the control button was selected). Choices were presented either in a modified observing‐response procedure (i.e., simultaneous observing) or in a modified progressive‐ratio procedure (i.e., committed concurrent progressive ratio; CCPR). Results were favorable though not conclusive on their own. A second experiment, using more distinct stimuli (i.e., one likely aversive, one likely not aversive), replicated the first, and clearer results emerged. Finally, the third experiment tested the stimuli from the second experiment in a CCPR arrangement where sound was terminated contingent on responding and idiosyncratic negative reinforcement hierarchies emerged. The utility of these two procedures is discussed, and future work that addresses the limitations is outlined.
Assessing stimulus preference using response force in a conjugate preparation: A replication and extension
Ano: 2024
Abstract The current study examined 98 participants' preferences for five pictorial stimuli. The researchers used a verbal multiple‐stimulus‐without‐replacement (VMSWO) preference assessment with each participant to identify high‐preference and low‐preference pictorial stimuli. Next, participants viewed each pictorial stimulus in a randomized order on a computer while using a hand dynamometer that measured the amount of force they exerted to increase or maintain the visual clarity of each image. The results indicate that over 75% of participants' force response ranks corresponded with participants' VMSWO high‐preference stimuli, VMSWO low‐preference stimuli, or both. The results of the current study provide further evidence for the use of conjugate schedules in the assessment of stimulus preference with potential for use as a reinforcer assessment. Implications along with directions for future research and limitations of the findings are discussed.
Avoidance of hot air blast in Rattus norvegicus
Ano: 2024
Abstract The hegemonic use of electric shock as an aversive stimulus limits what is known about the generality of avoidance behavior and related phenomena. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of using the hot air blast (HAB) instead of electric shock as an aversive stimulus in avoidance conditioning. Four male Wistar rats were exposed to a discrete‐trial procedure. In the first phase, the emission of a lever‐press response during a trial was positively reinforced. In the second phase, the same contingency was employed, but an escapable HAB was presented at the end of a trial when no response was emitted. In the third phase, positive reinforcement was suspended and a discrete‐trial avoidance procedure was employed. In the fourth phase, HAB presentation was completely suspended. As a result, all subjects learned the avoidance response and showed a marked reduction in its frequency during HAB suspension. These results offer evidence indicating that avoidance behavior is controlled by the HAB, thereby advancing the understanding of the generality of this stimulus as being aversive.
Behavioral skills training produces acquisition and generalization of run‐blocking skills of high school football players
Ano: 2024
Abstract Behavioral skills training (BST) has been used to improve football players' performance in one prior study, but limited data were collected on how the skill generalized from the training environment to the natural environment. The purpose of this study was to further evaluate the effects of BST in enhancing football players' performance while also evaluating the generalization of a skill taught in a training environment (i.e., practice) to the natural environment (i.e., game‐simulated scrimmage). This study included five high school offensive line football players and recorded their run‐blocking skills in the training context and a game context in baseline and following BST. The results showed that BST improved performance in the training environment, with run‐blocking skills slightly generalizing from the training environment to game‐simulated scrimmages. When BST was conducted in the natural environment, it further improved the participants' run‐blocking skills.
Book review of Applied Behavior Analysis Advanced Guidebook: A Manual for Professional Practice (2nd edition)
Ano: 2024
Abstract The second edition of Applied Behavior Analysis Advanced Guidebook: A Manual for Professional Practice (Luiselli, 2023) covers 17 chapters on topics that are relevant to applied behavior analysis practitioners. In this review, we discuss the purpose and intended audience of the Guidebook, briefly summarize the contents of the Guidebook, and critically evaluate the contents with respect to breadth and depth, audience fit, organization, and cohesion. In addition, we discuss emerging areas that are highlighted in the Guidebook (i.e., technology and telehealth, diversity and multiculturism, and practice‐oriented research).
Brian A. Iwata, PhD : A Life Well Lived
Ano: 2024
Brian A. Iwata: In Memorial
Ano: 2024
Brian Iwata as Mentor, Colleague, Father
Ano: 2024
Caregiver involvement in applied behavior‐analytic research: A scoping review and discussion
Ano: 2024
Abstract We conducted a scoping review to characterize the role of caregiver involvement in behavior‐analytic research. We reviewed eight behavioral‐learning journals from 2011–2022 for works that included children or caregivers as participants and characterized caregiver involvement as passive (implications for caregivers, input, social validity) and active (implementation, caregiver behavior, training, caregiver‐collected data). The review identified 228 studies, and almost all (96.1%; n = 219) involved caregivers in some capacity; 94.3% ( n = 215) had passive involvement (26.8% had only passive involvement; n = 61), 69.3% ( n = 158) had active involvement (1.8% had only active involvement ; n = 4), and 3.9% ( n = 9) had neither passive nor active involvement. Involvement generally increased over publication years. The most common types of involvement were implications for caregivers, implementation, and input; caregiver‐collected data were rare. We propose considerations when engaging caregivers in research and suggest new avenues of inquiry related to caregivers' treatment objectives and social validity, treatment implementers, and caregiver‐collected data.